Gene Number: 627

Location: 11p14.1

Key Functions: Neuroplasticity, brain development, memory

BDNF, or Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, is recognized as one of the most crucial neurotrophins found within the central nervous system. This protein is vital for the overall health and functionality of the brain, as it plays an indispensable role in supporting neural growth, development, and resilience, particularly in response to stress and various environmental challenges [R]. The significance of BDNF extends beyond mere survival of neurons; it is intricately involved in the processes that underlie learning, memory, and emotional regulation, making it a key player in both cognitive and emotional well-being.

Neuroplasticity: BDNF is essential for neuroplasticity, which is the brain's remarkable ability to adapt, reorganize, and rewire itself throughout an individual's life. This adaptability allows the formation of new synaptic connections, thereby enhancing the brain's capacity to learn and remember new information. Neuroplasticity is not only crucial during developmental stages but also plays a significant role in recovery from brain injuries and in the adaptation to new experiences or environments [R].

• Cognitive function: BDNF significantly supports cognitive functions, particularly in the areas of learning and memory formation. It acts at the synaptic level to facilitate the strengthening of synapses, which is essential for encoding new memories. Furthermore, BDNF is involved in emotional regulation, helping to balance mood and cognitive processes, thus contributing to a person's overall mental health and ability to cope with stress [R].

  
  

• Neuronal survival and repair: Beyond its role in plasticity and cognition, BDNF is also crucial for neuronal survival and repair. It promotes the maintenance of brain cells, ensuring their longevity and functionality. In the event of neuronal injury or stress, BDNF aids in the recovery processes, enhancing the brain's ability to heal and regenerate, which is vital for maintaining cognitive functions over time [R].

  
  

• Mood regulation: BDNF plays a significant role in mood regulation by modulating the serotonin and dopamine systems, both of which are closely linked to mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. By influencing these neurotransmitter systems, BDNF helps to stabilize mood and emotional responses, providing a protective effect against the development of mood disorders [R].

  
  

Higher BDNF levels are generally associated with better brain health, indicating a more robust capacity for cognitive recovery following challenges and a greater emotional resilience. Research has shown that individuals with elevated levels of BDNF tend to exhibit improved cognitive performance and a lower incidence of mood disorders. This relationship underscores the importance of BDNF in maintaining not only cognitive functions but also overall mental health and well-being [R].