NLRP3

Gene Number: 114548

Location: 1q44

Key Functions: Inflammasome activation, innate immune surveillance, pro-inflammatory cytokine maturation, regulation of pyroptosis

The NLRP3 gene, located on chromosome 1q44, encodes the NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3, a cytosolic pattern-recognition receptor that plays a central role in the innate immune system’s ability to detect cellular stress and pathogenic threats. Functionally, NLRP3 acts as a molecular sentinel that monitors disruptions in cellular homeostasis—ranging from ion fluxes and mitochondrial dysfunction to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and lysosomal damage.