PPARG
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma
Gene Number: 5468
Location: 3p25.2
Key Functions: Adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, inflammation regulation
PPARG (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) encodes a nuclear hormone receptor that serves as a master regulator of fat cell development and systemic metabolic balance. Acting as a transcription factor, PPARγ controls the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, lipid uptake and storage, and glucose utilization, playing an indispensable role in maintaining energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
PPARγ is most abundantly expressed in adipose tissue, where it governs the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes—the body’s primary storage cells for triglycerides. Through this process, PPARγ helps sequester excess fatty acids into adipose tissue, protecting non-adipose organs such as the liver and skeletal muscle from lipid overload and lipotoxicity. This protective role is critical in preventing insulin resistance and the metabolic dysfunction that precedes type 2 diabetes.
SNP ID | Your Genotype | Alternative Alleles | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
rs1801282 | Analyze your DNA to see your genotype | G | Analyze your DNA to see a personalized result. |
rs1801282
CC –Pro/Pro; typical receptor function. No notable impact on T2D or obesity risk (R).
CG – Pro/Ala; associated with modest increased BMI and waist circumference (~ 0.08 kg/m² and ~ 0.12 cm respectively), and elevated total cholesterol (~ 0.07 mmol/L). Also linked to ≈18% lower T2D risk overall (OR ≈ 0.82, 95% CI: ~0.77–0.88) (R).
GG – Ala/Ala; similar mild increases in adiposity and lipids, with similar protective effect on T2D risk (R).
Functional effect: The G (Ala) allele modestly elevates fatness and cholesterol but improves insulin sensitivity, lowering type 2 diabetes risk. Effects vary by population and environmental context (R).
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